







Δ Images of correct die axis or coin alignment ↑↓ for a 1½ pence coin. [2]
Die alignment refers to the location of the "top" of the coin's image when the coin is turned over. For example, if you look at the obverse of a 1½ pence the Monarch's head right-side up, and then turn the coin over 180 degrees from side to side, the crown, wreath and numerals within it, should be right side up on the reverse, which is called coin alignment also know as die axis.

Δ Images of incorrect die alignment ↑↑ for a 1½ pence coin. [2]
Nearly all world coins, are struck in one or the other of these proper die alignments. However, die rotation errors are known to exist, where the coin's reverse isn't precisely lined up with the obverse, when one die or another became loose in the coining press, it rotated from its normal orientation or alignment. The 1½ pence is not an exception. Some of them have been found randomly with die rotations ranging from a few degrees off, to a full 180 degrees off, also known as "upright reverse" or "medal alignment".



Δ Copper-silver nuggets in a rock, where the two elements were combined by mother nature. A long process of separation and refining of metals can make this rustic stone mineral in a beautiful coin. [1]
Copper is one of the most important constituent of carat silver alloy for striking coins, as is the case of the 1½ pence coin made of sterling silver, an alloy or composition containing 92.5% by mass of silver and 7.5% by mass of copper. The sterling silver standard has a minimum millesimal fineness of 925.



Δ The 1½ pence shown here, was placed on a digital scale, which displays a weight of 0.69 grams. [3]
Of course the legal gross weight by the Royal Mint, as struck, was 0.7069 grams. Because circulation and damage in general, it could vary considerably.
[1] — Images from the Author's archive.
[2] — Images courtesy of Noble Numismatics Pty Ltd of Australia.
[3] — Image courtesy of H.B.Rozins.
